GAD is characterized by excessive, ongoing worry that is difficult to control. People with GAD often feel anxious about everyday situations — work, health, finances, family — even when there’s no immediate threat or cause.

Common signs include:

• Constant feelings of dread or restlessness

• Trouble concentrating or sleeping

• Physical symptoms like muscle tension, fatigue, or upset stomach

• Overthinking or preparing for worst-case scenarios

GAD can feel like your mind won’t turn off, no matter how much reassurance you receive.

Panic Disorder involves recurring panic attacks — sudden surges of intense fear that reach a peak within minutes. These episodes can happen without warning and may mimic serious medical issues, which makes them especially frightening.

Symptoms of a panic attack may include:

• Racing heart, chest pain, or shortness of breath

• Sweating, dizziness, or numbness

• Feeling like you’re choking or losing control

• A sense of impending doom

Some people develop a fear of having future panic attacks, which can lead to avoidance behaviors.

Social anxiety isn’t just shyness — it’s a deep fear of being judged, embarrassed, or humiliated in social or performance situations. The fear can be so overwhelming that people begin avoiding interactions altogether.

Common triggers include:

• Public speaking

• Meeting new people

• Eating or drinking in front of others

• Being the center of attention

Social anxiety can limit relationships, academic or career growth, and self-confidence, even if others perceive you as high-functioning.

A specific phobia is an intense, irrational fear of a particular object or situation. The fear is out of proportion to the actual danger, but can cause significant distress.

Common phobias include:

• Fear of flying, heights, or enclosed spaces

• Fear of needles, blood, or medical procedures

• Fear of animals or insects (e.g., spiders, dogs)

Even thinking about the feared object or scenario may trigger anxiety or avoidance behavior.

Agoraphobia involves a fear of being in places or situations where escape might be difficult — especially during a panic attack or medical emergency. It often develops alongside panic disorder but can occur on its own.

Examples of situations that may trigger agoraphobia:

• Public transportation (buses, trains)

• Crowded shopping centers or movie theaters

• Being far from home or in unfamiliar places

Severe agoraphobia can lead individuals to stay home for extended periods, significantly impacting their independence and quality of life.

Though often associated with children, separation anxiety can affect adults as well. It involves excessive fear or distress when being apart from someone you’re emotionally attached to.

It may show up as:

• Anxiety when a loved one leaves the house

• Fear that something bad will happen to someone close

• Avoiding travel or overnight stays

• Difficulty sleeping alone or functioning independently

Separation anxiety often emerges after a loss, trauma, or major life transition, and can be especially common in military or caregiving families.